ON IDEOLOGY, CAUSAL INFERENCE AND THE REIFICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS: REFLECTIONS ON "EXAMINING INSTRUCTION, ACHIEVEMENT AND EQUITY WITH NAEP MATHEMATICS DATA."

The purpose of this article is to comment on the prior article entitled "Examining Instruction, Achievement and Equity with NAEP mathematics data," by Sarah Theule Lubienski.That article claims that a prior article by the author suffered from three weaknesses: (1) An attempt to justify No Child Left Behind (NCLB); (2) drawing causal inferences from

The present work aims to boost our understanding of factors governing the grain-refining efficiency of inoculation treatments by comparing the grain-refining efficiencies of two inoculators: Ti nanoparticles and LaB6 nanoparticles, in a 2024 Al alloy during additive manufacturing (AM).Experimental results obtained by scanning electron microscopy sh

The environmental design and its complex multi-disciplinary consequences are central in the thinking of the responsibilities, which the Institutes of Knowledge are based on.It GOLD STANDARD CASEIN CREAMY VANILLA is no longer a battle to the forefront, just for the explorers.It is an acquired and consolidated culture, but from an operational standpo

In the last decade, Boko Haram (BH) has become notorious across the world, because of its militancy and Transfer Aides ultra-fundamentalist activities.Its violent activities have in many ways surpassed other similar African Salafi-oriented organizations, such as the AQIM in Algeria and al-Shabaab in Somalia.This article traces the socio-political a